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A corrective labor colony ((ロシア語:Исправительно-трудовая колония, ИТК), ''ispravitelno-trudovaya koloniya'', ITK) is the most common type of prison in Russia and some post-Soviet states which combines penal detention with forced labor.〔''Encyclopedia of Soviet Law'' (1985) ISBN 90-247-3075-9, section "Penitentiary Institutions"〕〔''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'', (article "Corrective labor colony" ) 〕 The system of colonies originated in 1929〔 〕〔 11 июля 1929 г.: постановление Совета народных комиссаров СССР «Об использовании труда уголовно-заключенных» (of the Soviet of Peoples' Commissars of the USSR "Concerning the use of the labor of criminal prisoners", 11 July 1929 ) 〕 and developed as a post-Stalin replacement of the Gulag labor camp system. ==Soviet Union== In the late Soviet Union the labor colonies were governed by Article 11 of the Corrective Labor Law and were intended for adult (16 years and over) convicts. The colonies were classified according to the regimen of severity: colonies of ordinary, reinforced, strict, and special regimens (колонии общего, усиленного, строгого, особого режимов), as well as the "colony-settlements" (колонии-поселения). Only ordinary and strict regimens (and colony-settlements) were provided for female convicts.〔〔 "Colony-settlements" were establishments introduced in 1960s for convicts with good behavior who served at least half of the term for those eligible for the parole and who served two thirds of the term and not eligible for parole. The inmates are without guard, but under observation and may move relatively freely. They may also have family.〔''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'', (article "Colony-settlement" ) 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「corrective labor colony」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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